012AD08261

Burial pit containing bovine skeleton

Phasing

The only diagnostic material culture were thirteen late Roman pot sherds. The pit was revealed by the removal of spit 012AD00658. There were no other stratigraphic relationships.

Discussion

It quickly became apparent that the pit contained an entire cattle skeleton (30-36 months old). The fill was a sandy loam (Munsell colour 10YR 4/3), with 5-10% angular chalk inclusions. No daub or charcoal flecking was noted. A small quantity of sheep/goat bones were also present. As mentioned above, a number of later Roman pot sherds were recovered. Also found was an inidentified iron object.

The ovate pit was cut into hillwash, with a flat-based U profile.

Extract from Jane Richardson's animal bone report

Only one individual displayed any discrepancy between fusion and dental data. A near complete cattle skeleton (012AD08342) had fused scapulae, pelves and proximal radii, and distal humeri that were just fusing. As all the other long bones were not yet fused, a fusion age between twelve and eighteen months was indicated (after Silver 1969).In contrast the mandibles revealed the third molar in an early wear state, suggesting an animal around 30 to 36 months (after Halstead 1985).Even recognising that the third molar was still only partially erupted, an eruption age of 24 to 30 months (after Silver 1969) still exceeds the proposed fusion age. This discrepancy suggests that fusion was delayed perhaps due to poor nutrition or castration (the pelves were borderline male/female). It is highly unlikely that the diet of this individual was so abrasive that the teeth had worn with exceptional speed.

All Contexts and Associated Finds Totals

CUT  FILL VOLUME OBJECTS AN BONE DENSITY
012AD08261 012AD08260   10 9  
012AD08243 6 29

012AD08260 Object Totals by Material and Period

KEY_ID MATERIAL PERIOD No
012AD08260 IRON  
1
  POTTERY 2-4C
1
  POTTERY 3-4?
1
  POTTERY 3-4C
5
  POTTERY 4C
1
  SLAG  
1

012AD08260 Animal Bone Totals by Species

KEY_ID SPECIES No
012AD08260 Cattle
5
  Sheep/Goat
4

012AD08342 Animal Bone Totals by Species

KEY_ID SPECIES No
012AD08342 Cattle
29

Context Details

012AD08261 Section and Notes


 
KEY_ID TYPE SHAPE L B D PROFILE NOTES
012AD08260 PIT FILL OVATE
203
129
36
FLAT BASED U CONTAINED HIGH % ANIMAL BONE. ALSO FULL BOVINE SKELETON-8342. ALSO CONTAINED POTTERY.
012AD08261 PIT CUT OVATE
203
129
36
FLAT BASED U CUT INTO HILLWASH. APPARENTLY DUG SPECIFICALLY TO CONTAIN BOVINE SKELETON-8342. OVATE WITH FLAT BASED U PROFILE.
012AD08342 SKELETON COMPLEX
160
100
25
COMPLEX BOVINE SKELETON IN PIT 8260/8261.

Objects

KEY_ID OB PERIOD MATERIAL TYPE SUB_TYPE CLASS No
012AD08260 AE   IRON OBJECT    
1
012AD08260 AI 2-4C POTTERY SHERD CLSD GREY WARE
1
012AD08260 AC 3-4? POTTERY SHERD JB ROMANO-BRITISH
1
012AD08260 AA 3-4C POTTERY SHERD CLSD ROMANO-BRITISH
1
012AD08260 AB 3-4C POTTERY SHERD   ROMANO-BRITISH
1
012AD08260 AG 3-4C POTTERY SHERD OPEN? ROMANO-BRITISH
1
012AD08260 AH 3-4C POTTERY SHERD   ROMANO-BRITISH
1
012AD08260 AJ 3-4C POTTERY SHERD J ROMANO-BRITISH
1
012AD08260 AD 4C POTTERY SHERD CLSD  
1
012AD08260 AF SLAG SLAG    
1
012AD08342 AE 2-4C POTTERY SHERD CLSD  
1
012AD08342 AA 3-4C POTTERY SHERD   ROMANO-BRITISH
1
012AD08342 AB 3-4C POTTERY SHERD   ROMANO-BRITISH
1
012AD08342 AC 3-4C POTTERY SHERD    
1
012AD08342 AD 3-4C POTTERY SHERD J ROMANO-BRITISH
1
012AD08342 AF   STONE STONE    
1

Animal Bones

KEY_ID SPECIES ELEMENT QUANT CHEW BURN BUTCH FBRK
012AD08260 Cattle Femur br 1 0 0 0 0
012AD08260 Cattle M/T C 1 0 0 0 0
012AD08260 Cattle M/T C 1 0 0 0 1
012AD08260 Cattle N.Cuboid 1 0 0 0 0
012AD08260 Cattle Scapula 1 0 0 0 1
012AD08260 Sheep/Goat M/C C 1 0 0 0 0
012AD08342 Cattle Astragalus 1 0 0 0 0
012AD08342 Cattle Astragalus 1 0 0 0 0
012AD08342 Cattle Atlas 1 0 0 0 0
012AD08342 Cattle Axis 1 0 0 0 0
012AD08342 Cattle Calcaneum 1 0 0 0 0
012AD08342 Cattle Calcaneum 1 0 0 0 0
012AD08342 Cattle Calcaneum 1 0 0 0 0
012AD08342 Cattle Femur C 2 0 0 0 0
012AD08342 Cattle Horncore 1 0 0 0 0
012AD08342 Cattle Humerus C 2 0 0 0 0
012AD08342 Cattle Hyoid 1 0 0 0 0
012AD08342 Cattle M/C C 2 0 0 0 0
012AD08342 Cattle Mandible 2 0 0 0 0
012AD08342 Cattle N.Cuboid 1 0 0 0 0
012AD08342 Cattle Occiput 2 0 0 0 2
012AD08342 Cattle Patella 2 0 0 0 0
012AD08342 Cattle Pelvis 2 0 0 0 2
012AD08342 Cattle Phalanx 1 4 0 0 0 0
012AD08342 Cattle Phalanx 2 2 0 0 0 0
012AD08342 Cattle Phalanx 2 2 0 0 0 0
012AD08342 Cattle Phalanx 3 2 0 0 0 0
012AD08342 Cattle Phalanx 3 2 0 0 0 0
012AD08342 Cattle Radius C 2 0 0 0 0
012AD08342 Cattle Radius P 1 1 0 0 0
012AD08342 Cattle Sacrum 1 0 0 0 0
012AD08342 Cattle Scapula 2 0 0 0 0
012AD08342 Cattle Skull fr 3 0 0 0 0
012AD08342 Cattle Tibia C 2 0 0 0 0
012AD08342 Cattle Ulna 2 0 0 0 0
012AD08260 Sheep/Goat Astragalus 1 0 0 0 0
012AD08260 Sheep/Goat Scapula 1 0 0 0 0
012AD08260 Sheep/Goat Tibia C 1 0 0 0 0